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Michael A. Bilandic

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Michael A. Bilandic
Bilandic, in 1987
Chief Justice of the Illinois Supreme Court
In office
January 1, 1994 – January 1, 1997
Preceded byBenjamin K. Miller[1]
Succeeded byJames D. Heiple
Member of the Supreme Court of Illinois
In office
November 2, 1990 – August 30, 2000
Preceded byDaniel P. Ward
Succeeded byThomas R. Fitzgerald[2]
Illinois Appellate Court judge
In office
1984–1990
49th Mayor of Chicago
In office
June 22, 1977 – April 16, 1979
DeputyCasey Laskowski
Succeeded byJane Byrne
Acting
December 28, 1976 – June 22, 1977
DeputyCasey Laskowski
Preceded byRichard J. Daley
Chicago Alderman from the 11th Ward
In office
June 12, 1969 – June 7, 1977
Preceded byMatthew J. Danaher
Succeeded byPatrick M. Huels
Personal details
Born
Michael Anthony Bilandic

(1923-02-13)February 13, 1923
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedJanuary 15, 2002(2002-01-15) (aged 78)
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
Resting placeSt. Mary's Cemetery
Evergreen Park, Illinois, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Heather Morgan
​
(m. 1977)​
Children1
EducationDe La Salle Institute
St. Mary's University of Minnesota (BA)
DePaul University College of Law (JD)
Military service
Allegiance United States
Branch/service United States Marine Corps[3][4]
Years of service1943–1945
Rank First Lieutenant
Battles/warsWorld War II

Michael Anthony Bilandic (February 13, 1923 – January 15, 2002) was an American Democratic politician, judge, and attorney who served as the 49th mayor of Chicago from 1976 to 1979, after the death of his predecessor, Richard J. Daley.[5] Bilandic practiced law in Chicago for several years, having graduated from the DePaul University College of Law. Bilandic served as an alderman in Chicago City Council, representing the eleventh ward on the south-west side (Bridgeport neighborhood) from June 1969 until he began his tenure as mayor in December 1976. After his mayoralty, Bilandic served on the Illinois Appellate Court from 1984 until being elected to the Illinois Supreme Court in 1990. He served on the state supreme court until 2000, and was the court’s chief Justice from 1994 to 1997.

Early life and career

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Bilandic was born in Chicago to Croatian immigrant parents Mate "Matthew" and Milka "Minnie" Bilandžić) from southern Croatia. Bilandic studied at De La Salle High School and graduated in 1940.[6] Bilandic joined the United States Marine Corps during World War II in 1943, serving as first lieutenant until 1945. After his time in the Marine Corps, Bilandic returned to school; receiving his bachelor's degree from St. Mary's University of Minnesota in 1947.[4] After college, Bilandic returned to Chicago and became involved in political work. Bilandic began working in the city's eleventh ward was asked by then–committeeman Richard J. Daley to aid the Democratic party in 1948. In 1951, Bilandic later received his [[[Juris Doctor]] degree from DePaul University College of Law.

Chicago City Council (1969–1977)

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Bilandic officially began his political career after being elected alderman of the city's eleventh ward in the 1969 election, succeeding Matthew J. Danaher and taking office on March 11, 1969.[7]

Acting mayoralty (1976–77) and special election victory

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Further information: 1977 Chicago mayoral special election
Bilandic (right) meets with President Jimmy Carter in the Oval Office of the White House in February 1977

After Mayor Richard J. Daley died in office on December 20, 1976, Wilson Frost argued that as president pro tempore of the City Council he had automatically become the acting mayor. As such, he would have been the first African American to serve as mayor. However, much of the city council disputed Frost's claim. After nearly a week of closed-door negotiations, a compromise was struck among councilors in which the city council would vote to name Bilandic to serve as acting mayor for approximately six months until a special election could be held to choose a mayor filling out the remaining two years of Daley's unexpired term. This came with the agreed understanding that Bilandic would not run as a candidate in the special election.[8][9][10] Other aspects of the compromise that resulted in Bilandic becoming mayor had included the council voting to name Frost the chairman of the council's powerful Finance Committee, a position with real power as opposed to the primarily ceremonial role of president pro tempore. This served to appease African American aldermen.[8][10] The compromise also included satisfying the city's grouping of Polish American aldermen by naming Casey Laskowski (a member of the council's Polish American bloc) to serve in the newly-created role of vice mayor.[8] The new vice mayor position was created in aims of clarifying the mayoral succession process in the future by creating a position that would be the first-in-line to serve as an interim successor in instances of mayoral vacancy.[11]

On December 28 (eight days after Daley's death), Bilandic was approved by the City Council to serve as acting mayor.[8][9] No other candidates challenged him.[8] While the vote was preceded by fiery debate,[9] Dick Simpson and Martin J. Oberman were ultimately the sole alderman to cast dissenting votes on Bilandic's appointment.[8][12] At the same meeting that it appointed Bilandic, the council also voted for the other aspects of the compromise: naming Frost as chairman of the finance committee, Vrdolyak as president pro tempore, and Laskowski as vice mayor.[9] Despite that he would not run in the special election, one mere week after becoming acting mayor Bilandic reneged on this promise and declared that he would be amenable to running if he was drafted to do so.[13] Bilandic ultimately ran. Still enjoying a honeymoon period as acting mayor, he received a popular mandate to assume Daley's mantle.[citation needed] In the Democratic's primary election, he won 51.1% of the vote, handily defeating challengers Edward Hanrahan, Anthony Martin-Trigona, Roman Pucinski, Ellis Reid and Harold Washington.[14] In the June 7 general election, Bilandic was elected mayor with 77.4% of the vote, defeating Dennis H. Block (the Republican nominee), as well as Dennis Brasky (the Socialist Labor nominee) and Gerald Rose (the U.S. Labor nominee). Bilandic delivered his inaugural address and took office on June 22, 1977.[15]

Mayoralty (1977–79)

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While initially popular, Bilandic's term as mayor would prove to be short and difficult.

A 1993 survey of historians, political scientists and urban experts conducted by Melvin G. Holli of the University of Illinois at Chicago ranked Bilandic as the twenty-first-worst American big-city mayor to have served between the years 1820 and 1993.[16]

Labor strikes

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While he was mayor, Chicago faced several labor disputes including a gravediggers and cemetery owners' strike and a threatened strike by members of Lyric Opera of Chicago.[17] The Chicago Butcher's Union worked to stop stores from selling fresh meat after 6 p.m., but Bilandic managed to work out a settlement.[17] Bilandic also had to face social unrest in June 1977 when an FALN bomb exploded in City Hall and started a two-day riot among the Puerto Rican community.[17] Bilandic oversaw the creation of ChicagoFest, a food and music festival held on Navy Pier. The Chicago Marathon had its first running in 1977 and Bilandic participated, finishing with a time of 4 hours.[18] A runner himself, Bilandic arranged to have five miles of unused equestrian paths along the lakefront converted to running paths.[19]

Blizzard of 1979

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During January 1979, a blizzard struck Chicago and effectively closed down the city, dropping a total of twenty-one inches of snow over a two-day period. The city's slow response to the debilitating storm was publicly blamed on Bilandic. Additionally, as part of attempts to deal with the storm, Bilandic ordered Chicago 'L' trains to bypass many intermediate stops, particularly affecting black neighborhoods on the South Side of the city,[20] and angering that large voter base.

Urban development

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In November 1978, Bilandic unveiled a broad $7.4 billion five-year public works plan to reshape much of the city. These plans included the construction a new State of Illinois office building on the site occupied by shuttered Sherman House Hotel.[21] This would ultimately be realized with the construction of the James R. Thompson Center.

1979 Democratic primary loss

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See also: 1979 Chicago mayoral election

Bilandic sought re-election in 1979, and was challenged in the Democratic primary by the former longtime city consumer affairs department head Jane Byrne, who Bilandic had fired in 1977. Bildanic's candidacy was dragged-down by dissatisfaction with the city's handling of the recent snowstorm, as well as other issues. Many Republicans crossover voted in the Democratic primary against Bilandic in hopes of delivering a defeat to the Democratic machine that had dominated Chicago politics for decades. Byrne's challenge was also boosted by the endorsement of Reverend Jesse Jackson. Additionally, many North Side and Northwest Side voters supported Byrne against Bildanic because they were angered by the Cook County Democratic leadership's slating of only South Side and Southwest Side candidates for the citywide offices (mayor, clerk, and treasurer) in its endorsements ahead of the primary. Bilandic very narrowly lost the primary, winning 49% to Byrne's 51%. Byrne went on to win the general election with a record-setting 82% of the vote, becoming Chicago's first female mayor.[22]

Judicial career

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Following his term as mayor, Bilandic was elected to the Illinois Appellate Court in 1984, and then the Illinois Supreme Court in 1990, where Bilandic served until 2000. From 1994 until 1996, Bilandic served as the Illinois chief justice.[23]

Personal life and death

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On June 1, 1977, Bilandic married Chicago socialite Heather Morgan in a ceremony officiated by Chicago's Archbishop John Cardinal Cody. Bilandic and Morgan had a son, Michael M. Bilandic Jr., born in 1978.[24]

On January 15, 2002, Bilandic died from heart failure and was interred in St. Mary's Cemetery in Evergreen Park, Illinois.[25][26]

References

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  1. ^ "Benjamin K. Miller". Archived from the original on October 4, 2015.
  2. ^ "Succession of Illinois Supreme Court Justices" (PDF). Illinois Supreme Court Historic Preservation Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 16, 2021. Retrieved March 16, 2024.
  3. ^ "Michael A. Bilandic". Michael A. Bilandic. NNDB.
  4. ^ a b Parsons, Christi; Kotulak, Ronald (January 17, 2002). "A mayor who had hard act to follow". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on March 16, 2024. Retrieved March 16, 2023. Bilandic served as a first lieutenant in the Marine Corps in the Pacific during World War II.
  5. ^ "Chicago Mayors". Chicago Public Library. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
  6. ^ MEMORIAL MICHAEL A BILANDIC (Resolution 0304). Illinois Senate. January 30, 2002.
  7. ^ "Centennial List of Mayors, City Clerks, City Attorneys, City Treasurers, and Aldermen, elected by the people of the city of Chicago, from the incorporation of the city on March 4, 1837 to March 4, 1937, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the years during which each official held office". Chicago Historical Society. Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
  8. ^ a b c d e f "Succession of Daley Was Similar". Chicago Tribune. December 3, 1987. Retrieved October 18, 2024.
  9. ^ a b c d Hartzell, Wesley (January 2, 1977). "Ten Days in December –The Death of Daley". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved November 1, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ^ a b Slicing Daley's Pie – TIME
  11. ^ "Casimir Laskowski, 84". Chicago Tribune. August 18, 2003. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  12. ^ Lowe, Walter L., Jr. (January 15, 1977). "Jan 15, 1977, page 6 - New Pittsburgh Courier at Newspapers.com". New Pittsburgh Courier – via Newspapers.com.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ^ Green, Paul M.; Holli, Melvin G. (January 10, 2013). The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, fourth edition. SIU Press. pp. 162–164. ISBN 9780809331994. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  14. ^ "1977 Mayor Elections". Archived from the original on November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.
  15. ^ "Board of Election Commissioners For the City of Chicago Mayoral Election Results Since 1900 General Elections Only". Chicago Board of Election Commissioners. July 18, 2004. Archived from the original on July 18, 2004. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
  16. ^ Holli, Melvin G. (1999). The American Mayor. University Park: PSU Press. ISBN 0-271-01876-3.
  17. ^ a b c Drell (2000:167)
  18. ^ Drell (2000:166–167)
  19. ^ "Blago's Last Chance To Run The Chicago Marathon". NBC Chicago. Retrieved January 17, 2018.
  20. ^ "Back to the Movement" (1979–1983). Eyes on the Prize. PBS. 1990. Event occurs at 28:43.
  21. ^ Ziemba, Stanley (November 26, 1978). "Mayor's proposal would change the city". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 25, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ^ Dold, R. Bruce (February 27, 1979). "Jane Byrne elected mayor of Chicago". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on July 15, 2014.
  23. ^ "Michael A. Bilandic, Previous Illinois Supreme Court Justice". Archived from the original on January 22, 2011.
  24. ^ Drell (2000:166)
  25. ^ Martin, Douglas (January 17, 2002). "Michael Bilandic, Daley Successor in Chicago, Dies at 78". New York Times. p. B9.
  26. ^ "Michael Bilandic, 78". Washington Post. Chicago. Associated Press. January 17, 2002.

Works cited

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  • Drell, Adrienne, ed. (2000). 20th Century Chicago: 100 years 100 voices. Sports Publishing. ISBN 1-58261-239-0.
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Political offices
Preceded by Mayor of Chicago
December 20, 1976 – April 16, 1979 		Succeeded by
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